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HPV 茎流量传感器/Sap Flow Sensor

HPV茎流量传感器是一款校准型、低成本的热脉冲液流传感器,输出校准液流量、热速、茎水含量、茎温等数据,功耗低,内置加热控制,同时改善了传统的加热方式,其原理采用热脉冲速率法HPV,测量范围:-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)或-100~+2000cm3/cm2/hr (茎流通量密度),可广泛用于于茎流量监测、植物茎流蒸发计算、植物茎流蒸腾量、植物灌溉等

植物茎流是树木内部的“水”运动,而蒸腾是从叶片通过光合作用蒸发流出的水分。树液流量和蒸腾量之间有很强的关联性,通常理解是同一回事。但是,严格地说,它们是不同的,这体现在它们是如何被测量的。

SAP流量以L/hr(或每天、每周等)为单位进行测量。蒸腾量以每小时、每天、每星期等毫米(mm)为单位测量。

蒸散量=蒸腾量+蒸发量

蒸腾量以毫米为测量单位,可与降雨量以毫米计作比较。随着时间的推移,降雨量(水输入)应与蒸腾量(输出)相匹配。如果蒸腾作用更高,通常是树木作物的蒸腾作用,那么这种差异必须通过灌溉来弥补。

蒸发量(evaporation),蒸发量是指在一定时段内,由土壤或水中的水分经蒸发而散布到空中的量

1mm(降雨量)=1㎡地面1kg水

1mm(蒸腾量)=1㎡叶面积的1升树液流量(水)

例如:在果园和葡萄园等有管理的树木作物系统中,蒸发量与蒸腾量相比非常小。因此,为了简化测量,通常忽略蒸发量,将蒸腾量取为平均蒸散量(ETo)。

技术指标

测量范围:-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)

分辨率:0.001cm/hr

准确度:±0.1cm/hr

探针尺寸:φ1.3mm*L30mm

温度位置:外10mm,内20mm

针距:6mm

探针材质:316不锈钢

温度范围:-30~+70℃

响应时间:200ms

加热电阻:39Ω,400J/m

电源:12V DC

电流:空闲5mA, 测量<270mA

信号输出:SDI-12

线缆:5m,Max 60m

茎流量传感器参考文献:

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J. Exp. Bot. 2014, 65, 1895–1904. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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applicability. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40, 213–223. [CrossRef]

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[CrossRef] [PubMed]

5. Cohen, Y.; Fuchs, M.; Green, G.C. Improvement of the heat pulse method for determining sap flow in trees. Plant Cell Environ. 1981, 4, 391–397. [CrossRef]

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8. Forster, M.A. How reliable are heat pulse velocity methods for estimating tree transpiration? Forests 2017 , 8, 350. [CrossRef]

9. Bleby, T.M.; McElrone, A.J.; Burgess, S.S.O. Limitations of the HRM: Great at low flow rates, but no yet up to speed? In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Sap Flow: Book of Abstracts, Seville, Spain, 22–24 October 2008.

10. Pearsall, K.R.; Williams, L.E.; Castorani, S.; Bleby, T.M.; McElrone, A.J. Evaluating the potential of a novel dual heat-pulse sensor to measure volumetric water use in grapevines under a range of flow conditions. Funct. Plant Biol. 2014, 41, 874–883. [CrossRef]

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compensated average gradient heat-pulse method on rain-fed olive trees. Plant Soil 2018 , 425, 21–41.

[CrossRef]

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16. Testi, L.; Villalobos, F. New approach for measuring low sap velocities in trees. Agric. Meteorol. 2009 , 149, 730–734. [CrossRef]

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Agric. For. Meteorol. 2004, 126, 169–173. [CrossRef]

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thermal diffusivity, differentiating between bound and unbound water. Tree Physiol. 2012 , 32, 930–942.

[CrossRef]

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technique and the Penman-Monteith equation. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 1984, 27, 537–543. [CrossRef]

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Nesic, Z.; Yang, P.C.; Staebler, R.M.; et al. A comparison of sap flow and eddy fluxes of water vapor from a

boreal deciduous forest. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102, 28929–28937. [CrossRef]

24. Barkas, W.W. Fibre saturation point of wood. Nature 1935, 135, 545. [CrossRef]

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dissipation, heat pulse velocity and heat field deformation methods. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2010 , 150, 1046–1056. [CrossRef]

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32. Cohen, Y.; Fuchs, M.; Falkenflug, V.; Moreshet, S. Calibrated heat pulse method for determining water uptake in cotton. Agron. J. 1988, 80, 398–402. [CrossRef]

33. Cohen, Y.; Takeuchi, S.; Nozaka, J.; Yano, T. Accuracy of sap flow measurement using heat balance and heat pulse methods. Agron. J. 1993, 85, 1080–1086. [CrossRef]

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36. Bleby, T.M.; Burgess, S.S.O.; Adams, M.A. A validation, comparison and error analysis of two heat-pulse methods for measuring sap flow in Eucalyptus marginata saplings. Funct. Plant Biol. 2004 , 31, 645–658.[CrossRef]

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anatomy and water potential: Errors in sap flux density measurements based on heat pulse methods. Trees

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